Development of conceptual semi-distributed hydrological models and estimation of their parameters with the aid of GIS*
نویسندگان
چکیده
Conceptual semi-distributed hydrological models are developed for a limited consideration of spatial heterogeneity of hydrological characteristics within a river basin. This heterogeneity can be described by area distribution functions of hydrological characteristics which can be estimated in a most effective way by a Geographical Information System (GIS). It is shown how the application of a GIS can support the development and the calibration of a conceptual hydrological model. GIS information is used to establish the criteria for sub-division of the river basin and for estimation of model structures (especially for further horizontal divisions of each basin into more homogeneous parts). That information is also used for estimation of basin characteristics and their differences between sub-basins as a support for parameter calibration by optimization. The methodology presented can be used for the development of a model structure on an objective basis and for model calibration which considers the physical explanation of model parameters. The proposed method was successfully applied to a river basin within the Mosel basin (Germany). Développement de modèles hydrologiques conceptuels semidistribués et estimation de leurs paramètres à l'aide d'un système d'information géographique Résumé Les modèles hydrologiques conceptuels semi-distribués ont été développés afin de prendre en compte certains aspects de l'hétérogénéité spatiale des caractéristiques hydrologiques des bassins versants. Cette hétérogénéité peut être décrite par des fonctions de distribution spatiale des caractéristiques hydrologiques qui peuvent être estimées efficacement grâce à un système d'information géographique (SIG). On montre dans cet article comment l'utilisation d'un SIG facilite le développement et la calibration d'un modèle hydrologique conceptuel distribué. L'information fournie par le SIG est utilisée pour définir un critère de subdivision du bassin versant ainsi que la structure du modèle (particulièrement en vue de divisions ultérieures en zones plus homogènes). Cette information est également utilisée pour estimer les caractéristiques du bassin et leurs variations entre sous-bassins afin de faciliter la calibration des paramètres du modèle par optimisation. La méthodologie proposée peut être utilisée pour définir la structure d'un modèle à partir d'éléments objectifs et pour le calibrer en prenant en compte la signification physique de ses paramètres. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée avec succès à un bassin versant appartenant au bassin de la Moselle (Allemagne). *Paper presented at HydroGIS 93 : International Conference on the Application of Geographical Information Systems in Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Vienna, Austria, 19-23 April 1993. Open for discussion until I June 1994
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